Tuesday 27 September 2011

The Exotic Mass

The Phrygians lived on the land we now call Turkey, it might be supposed that they had originally been from the same 'mother tribe' as the Greeks. Phrygia later became part of the Persian Empire.

They worshipped a 'Great Mother', 'Mountain Mother', or Goddess called Cybele, their worship f her was similar to that  of the Diponysiac worship: "a primal nature goddess worshipped with orgiastic rites in the mountains of central and western Anatolia"
It is interesting that some myhts consider her as initially being a hermaphrodite:
The Birth of Kybele Pausanias, Description of Greece 7. 17. 8 (trans. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) :
"The local [Phrygian] legend about him [Attis] being this. Zeus [or rather the Phrygian sky-god], it is said, let fall in his sleep seed upon the ground, which in course of time sent up a Daimon, with two sexual organs, male and female. They call the daimon Agdistis [Kybele, Cybele]. But the gods, fearing Agdistis, cut off the male organ. There grew up from it an almond-tree with its fruit ripe, and a daughter of the river Saggarios (Sangarius), they say, took the fruit and laid it in her bosom, when it at once disappeared, but she was with child. A boy [Attis] was born."
And even more connection can be found between the Phrygian Cybele and the Greek Dionysos, it is believed that she cared for the baby Dionysos after  Hermes saved him from the anger of Hera.:
"The Phrygian goddess Kybele was the mother of Sabazios (the Phrygian equivalent of Dionysos). The Greeks adapted this tradition by describing Mother Rhea as the nurse and mentor of Dionysos. The Orgia (Orgiastic Cult) of Dionysos-Sabazios was derived from that of the Phrygian Meter Theon."

Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. 33 (trans. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) :
"He [Dionysos in his madness driven wanderings] went to Kybela (Cybele) in Phrygia. There he was purified by Rhea and taught the mystic rites of initiation, after which he received from her his gear [presumably the thyrsos and panther-drawn chariot] and set out eagerly through Thrake [to instruct men in his orgiastic cult]."



Cybele, Goddess of Fertility, a 1993 sculpture by Mihail Chemiakin, New York.


I found these two texts (in which Dionysus and Cybele are mentioned) very nice, as they show the caring and fun-loving nature of these two deities.
"Nonnus, Dionysiaca 14. 1 ff :
"[Rheia-Kybele gathers an army for the young god Dionysos at her palace in Phrygia for a campaign against the Indians:] Then swiftshoe Rheia haltered the hairy necks of her lions beside their highland manger. She lifted her windfaring foot to run with the breezes, and paddled with her shoes through the airy spaces. So like a wing or a thought she traversed the firmament to south, to north, to west, to the turning-place of dawn, gathering the divine battalions for Lyaios: one all-comprehending summons was sounded for trees and for rivers, one call for Neiades (Naiads) and Hadryades, the troops of the forest. All the divine generations heard the summons of Kybele (Cybele), and they came together from all sides. From high heaven to the Lydian land Rheia passed aloft with unerring foot, and returning lifted again the mystic torch in the night, warming the air a second time with Mygdonian [Lydian] fire."
[N.B. She summons a variety of rustic divinities and creatures including the Kabeiroi, the Daktyloi (Dactyls), the Telkhines, Pholos and Kheiron, the Kyklopes (Cyclopes), Panes, Kentauroi (Centaurs), Nymphai.]

Nonnus, Dionysiaca 14. 247 ff :
"As soon as Dionysos had donned the well-wrought golden gear of war in the Korybantian courtyard, he left the peaceful precincts of danceloving Rheia and went past Meionia: the warriors with the hillranging Bakkhantes (Bacchantes) hastened to meet the lord of the vine. The drivers of wheeled wagons carried shoots of the new plant of Bakkhos (Bacchus). Many lines of mules went by, with jars of the viney nectar packed on their backs; slow asses had loads of purple rugs and manycoloured fawnskins on their patient backs. Winedrinkers besides carried silver mixingbowls with golden cups, the furniture of the feast. The Korybantes (Corybantes) were busy about the bright manger of the panthers, passing the yokestraps over their necks, and entrusted their lions to ivybound harness when they had fastened this threatening bit in their mouths.""



About her "orgiastic cult it is said that it "dominated the central and north-western districts of Asia Minor, and was introduced into Greece via the island of Samothrake and the Boiotian town of Thebes."


Vatican Museums' Statue of Cybele - Goddess of Fertility


All mythical text from Cybele: Phrygian Mother of the Gods.


I was considering to put the Chorus into Phrygian dress:
Phrygians. Nouveau Larousse Illustre 1894 edition.

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